| MSC CHEMISTRY (ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY) |
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| ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT TOPICS SOLUTION PART 1 |
| ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT TOPICS SOLUTION PART 2 |
UNIT – I INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS:
Principles and applications of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) – surface extended X-ray absorption (SEXAFS) – atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) – flame emission spectroscopy (FES) – turbidimetry – theory and applications. Instrumentation and sampling techniques in UV-visible and IR spectroscopy.
UNIT – II DATA AND ERROR ANALYSIS:
Various types of error – accuracy, precision, significant figures – frequency distributions, the binomial distribution, the Poisson distribution and normal distribution – describing data, population and sample, mean, variance, standard deviation, way of quoting uncertainty, robust estimators, repeatability and reproducibility of measurements. Hypothesis testing, levels of confidence and significance, test for an outlier, testing variances, means t-Test, paired t-Test – analysis of variance (ANOVA) – correlation and regression. Curve fitting, fitting of linear equations, simple linear cases, weighted linear case, analysis of residuals – general polynomial equation fitting, linearizing transformations,
exponential function fit – r and its abuse – multiple linear regression analysis, elementary aspects.
UNIT – III CHROMATOGRAPHY:
Solvent extraction – principles of ion exchange, paper, thin-layer and column chromatography techniques – columns, adsorbents, methods, Rfvalues, McReynold’s constants and their uses – HPTLC, HPLC techniques – adsorbents, columns, detection methods, estimations, preparative column – GC-MS techniques – methods, principles and uses.
UNIT – IV THERMOANALYTICAL METHODS AND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY:
Principles – instrumentations and applications of thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) – thermometric titrations – types – advantages. Basic aspects of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy – spectral hole burning – flow cytometry – fluorometers (quantization) – instrumentation – applications.
UNIT – V ELECTROANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES:
Electrochemical sensors, ion-sensitive electrodes, glass – membrane electrodes, solidliquid membrane electrodes – ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs) – sensors for the analysis of gases in solution. Polarography – principles and instrumentation – dropping mercury electrode – advantages –Ilkovic equation – applications of polarography – polarographic maxima – oscillographic polarography, AC polarography – cyclic voltammetry – advantages over polarographic techniques – chronopotentiometry – advantages – controlled potential
coulometry – amperometric titrations: principles – techniques – applications – estimation of lead.